中国北方地区人类活动对地表水资源的影响研究

以中国北方地区黄河、海河、辽河、松花江流域为研究区域，基于长期水文观测数据，就人类活动对不同时空尺度（包括日、月、年、10年）地表水资源的影响及河川径流演变的驱动力进行了定量分析。结果表明，无论从自然流域的角度还是从行政区域的角度来说，中国北方河川径流都减少的趋势；除气侯变化的影响之外，河道外用水量的增加是导致中国北方地区实测径流减少的直接原因；干旱、半干旱地区人类活动对河川径流的影响程度强于湿润地区，主要表现在小流量出现的频率增大，20世纪八九十年代相同量级的降水量产生的径流量较五六十年代减少20％－50％。

Impacts of Human Activities on River Runoff in North China

The Yellow River, the Haihe River, the Liaohe River, and the Songhuajiang River in the northern area of China are selected as the regions for the study. According to the long term observed data, the impacts are analyzed of human activities on river runoff in different spatio temporal scales, including daily,monthly, annual,inter decade variations. The driving forces causing the change of annual runoff in the river basins are also analyzed. It is concluded that the amount of downstream flow in North China depends on precipitation over catchments and water consumption from the upstream. The amount of river runoff has a tendency of decrease in terms of natural basins and administrative regions. River discharge decreases more rapidly in arid or semi arid areas than in humid areas.