聚(丙烯酸铵-丙烯酰胺)高吸水性树脂的合成与性能研究

为克服聚丙烯酸钠易使土壤板结和积累及丙烯酸盐系吸水树脂耐盐性差等缺点，用丙烯酸铵代替丙烯酸钠，并引入非离子单体丙烯酰胺，采用水溶液聚合法合成了丙烯酸铵丙烯酰胺共聚型高吸水树脂。实验结果表明：交联剂、引发剂、pH值、单体质量分数及比例对树脂的吸水率有较大影响。在交联剂质量分数为0.01%～0.03%，引发剂质量分数为0.12%～0.16%，pH值9～10，单体质量分数20%～30%，丙烯酸铵占单体总质量的60%～80%的优化条件下，合成的高吸水性树脂的吸水率可达1680mL/g。各种离子对吸水树脂吸收性能的影响大小顺序为：K⁺＜Na⁺＜Mg²⁺＜Ca²⁺＜Al³⁺。

Synthesis and characterization of super absorbent ammonium acrylate-acrylamide copolymer

The earth will be hardened and Na⁺ will accumulate by using sodium polyacrylate. In addition, polyacrylate has lower absorbency for ion. In order to resolve these problems, ammonium acrylate was used as a substitute of sodium acrylate and acrylamide was introduced synchronously. A super absorbent polymer of (ammonium acrylate-acrylamide) was synthesized by water solution polymerization. The influences of the kinds and contents of the components and the effect of different ions on the property of SAP were studied. The results showed that when the pH value was between 9～10, crosslinker between 0.01% and 0.03%, initiator between 0.12% and 0.16% and the initial monomer concentration between 20% and 30%, a resin with the best property was prepared. The water absorbency of the best resin is 1680mL/g. The order of the ions effecting the resin's water absorbency is K⁺＜Na⁺＜Mg²⁺＜Ca²⁺＜Al³⁺。