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Cardiolipin, the heart of mitochondrial metabolism
Authors:R. H. Houtkooper  F. M. Vaz
Affiliation:(1) Academic Medical Center, Departments of Clinical Chemistry and Pediatrics, Laboratory of Genetic Metabolic Diseases, University of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 22700, 1100 DE Amsterdam, The Netherlands
Abstract:
Cardiolipin is a unique phospholipid, which is almost exclusively localized in the mitochondrial inner membrane where it is synthesized from phosphatidylglycerol and cytidinediphosphate-diacylglycerol. After primary synthesis, the mature acyl chain composition of cardiolipin is achieved by at least two remodeling mechanisms. In the mitochondrial membrane cardiolipin plays an important role in energy metabolism, mainly by providing stability for the individual enzymes and enzyme complexes involved in energy production. Moreover, cardiolipin is involved in different stages of the mitochondrial apoptotic process and in mitochondrial membrane dynamics. Cardiolipin alterations have been described in various pathological conditions. Patients suffering from Barth syndrome have an altered cardiolipin homeostasis caused by a primary deficiency in cardiolipin remodeling. Alterations in cardiolipin content or composition have also been reported in more frequent diseases such as diabetes and heart failure. In this review we provide an overview of cardiolipin metabolism, function and its role in different pathological states. Received 16 January 2008; received after revision 26 February 2008; accepted 26 March 2008
Keywords:. Cardiolipin  phospholipid  acyl chain composition  energy production  mitochondrial apoptosis  Barth syndrome
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