清代东北天花的预防及其嬗变

天花流行对清朝的统治造成极大危害,东北虽处边塞但仍未能幸免。清代东北天花的预防经历了逃疫、局部种人痘、大面积种牛痘三个阶段的变化,随着医疗技术的提高,天花逐渐被遏制。清代东北的天花预防工作及其嬗变过程,见证了东北地区的医疗近代化。

The Preventions of Smallpox in Northeast China in Qing Dynasty

The epidemic of smallpox greatly endangers the ruling of Qing Dynasty. Northeast China suffers a lot from the epidemic then despite of its remoteness and marginalness. The preventions of smallpox in Northeast China in Qing Dynasty experiences three stages: people running away from the epidemic areas,vaccination in part areas,and vaccination in large areas. The epidemic of smallpox is gradually restrainted in Northeast with the development of medical technology. The process of the smallpox prevention in Northeast China in Qing Dynasty sees the modernization of medical treatment there.