Cytoskeleton-mediated templating of complex cellulose-scaffolded extracellular structure and its association with oikosins in the urochordate <Emphasis Type="Italic">Oikopleura</Emphasis> |
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Authors: | Yoshimasa?Sagane Julia?Hosp Karin?Zech Email author" target="_blank">Eric?M?ThompsonEmail author |
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Institution: | 1.Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology,University of Bergen,Bergen,Norway;2.Department of Biology,University of Bergen,Bergen,Norway |
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Abstract: | Oriented cellulose deposition is critical to plant patterning and models suggest microtubules constrain cellulose synthase
movements through the plasma membrane. Though widespread in plants, urochordates are the only animals that synthesize cellulose.
We characterized the distinctive cellulose microfibril scaffold of the larvacean house and its interaction with house structural
proteins (oikosins). Targeted disruption of cytoskeletal elements, secretory pathways, and plasma membrane organization, suggested
a working model for templating extracellular cellulose microfibrils from animal cells that shows both convergence and differences
to plant models. Specialized cortical F-actin arrays template microfibril orientation and glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored
proteins in lipid rafts may act as scaffolding proteins in microfibril elongation. Microtubules deliver and maintain cellulose
synthase complexes to specific cell membrane sites rather than orienting their movement through the membrane. Oikosins are
incorporated into house compartments directly above their corresponding cellular field of expression and interact with the
cellulose scaffold to a variable extent. |
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