论垄断的分类与构成要件

垄断是指企业或其他组织利用经济的或非经济的手段，在经济活动中对生产和市场实行排他性控制，从而艰制、阻碍竞争的状态或行为。在理论上，垄断分为合法垄断和非法垄断、独家垄断和协议垄断等。其构成要件为：(1)主体要件为依法取得市场支配地位或优势地住的企业或集团(包括经济行政部门)，主要是大公司、大企业、大集团；(2)主观要件是行为主体主观上有过错或过失；(3)客观要件须在一定的交易领域内以单独、合谋或其他方式占有市场过多份额或有实质性的限制竞争的行为，目的是获取高额垄断利润；(4)客体为有效竞争的市场结构，对象是同一竞争领域中的竞争(主要是中小企业和消费)。

On the Classification and Component Parts of Monopoly

Monopoly denotes such kind of state or behavior that in economical activities, enterprises or other organizations control production and market exclusively by economical or non-economical means, in order to confine and prevent competition. Monopolize theoretically can be divided into legal, illegal, sole and agreement monopoly. Its component parts are: 1) large company, enterprise; 2) behavioral subjects break law subjectively; 3) component parts occupy a large part of market shares in order to get high volume profit; 4) object is market structure of effective competition, the target is the competitor in the same competitive field.