上海市百岁老人的调查及其遗传分析

本文报导了上海市百岁老人的调查结果。全市人口11857478人,其中百岁老人72人,占0.615/10万。百岁老人中年龄最大的107岁,平均101.6岁。女性61人,男性11人,性比0.16。父母双方或一方寿命等于和超过70岁的41人,占70.7％,不足70岁的17人,占29.3％,其余的不详。说明人类的寿命受遗传因素控制。72名百岁老人共生育子女314人,现已自然死亡242人,其寿命分布接近正态分布。寿命也是一种性状,由于最高寿命和最低寿命之间存在一系列中间类型,彼此只有数量的区别,没有明显的质的界限,所以寿命是一种数量性状。据此,作者提出一个新观点,即人类的寿命受多基因(即多对等位基因)控制,同时又受家庭经济、家庭关系和性格类型等环境条件的明显影响。每对等位基因都由一个隐性基因和一个显性完全的显性基因组成,但只有显性基因对长寿有作用;各显性基因的单独作用是微小的,但彼此相等,而它们对寿命的共同作用是累加的。因此,一般来说,在性格温和、工作环境和生活环境良好的条件下,一个人带有决定长寿的显性基因数越多,其寿命就越长。

A Survey of Centenarians in Shanghai City and its Genetic Analysis

This article gives a survey of Shanghai centenarians in 1990. There are 11, 857, 478 people in Shanghai City. Among them, 72 are centenarians, the ratio is 0. 615/100 thousand, Among 72 centenarians, 61 ware females and 11 ware males, the sex ratio is 0.16. The average age is 101.6, and the oldest is 107. Centenarians whose father and/or mother died at the age of more than 70 total 41, less than 70 total 17. It indicates that the age is determined by the genetio factors. 79 eentenarians have 314 sons and daughters totally. Among them 242 died naturally, and it approximates to a normal distribution. Because the age is a character but between the highest and the lowest ages, there are a series of intermediate types. They have a quantitative difference, but not a qualitative limit. The charaeter is called a quantitative character. Judging from this, authors present a new idea, i. e. the age is controlled by multigene and effected by the environment eonditions(family economy, relation between family members amd types of temperament and so on). Each pair of alleles are made up of a recessive gene and a complete dominant gene, but only the dominant genes are effective for the longevity, The effect of each dominant gene is small but equal each other, and when they act together their effects are added. So in general, whenthe temperament of a person is gentle, and the environments of his work and lire are fine, the more his dominant genes, the longe rhis age is.