上海地区杂草稻与水稻籽实形态差异比较研究

近年来,随着稻田直播技术的推广,杂草稻对栽培稻的危害也越来越大,比较杂草稻与水稻籽实之间的形态差异,能够为进境检验检疫中杂草稻的鉴别提供技术参考.从上海郊区(县)稻田内采集了包括杂草稻和水稻的98份样品,定量地测定了这98份样品的籽粒长和粒宽、籽粒长宽比、小穗长、芒长及株高,并对籽粒的颜色进行了分级.基于以上数据,应用聚类分析,发现98份样品可以区别出3组,分别包括57、33和8份样品,结合落粒性、穗形、种皮颜色及成熟时间等性状,明确组1为杂草稻,组2为栽培稻组,组3为少量形态上介于杂草稻和栽培稻的样品.应用主成分分析和无度量多维标定这两种排序方法对98个样品进行分析,进一步展示了各样品间的形态差异特点.方差分析发现,上海地区的杂草稻在粒长、粒宽、粒长/宽和小穗长这4个指标均显著地大于水稻,但是两者在株高和芒长上没有显著差异.

Comparative study on morphological differences between weedy rice and cultivated rice in Shanghai area

In recent years,with the promotion of direct seeding paddy technology,weedy rice is becoming more and more harmful to the cultivated rice.Comparing the morphological differences between the weedy rice and the cultivated rice is valuable for us to identify weedy rice from cultivated rice.A total of 98 samples including weedy rice and cultivated rice was collected from the pad-dy fields of the suburb of Shanghai.The data including individual height,grain length and width,and their ratio,spikelet length, awn length,and grain colors were determined.Based on the above data,clustering analysis,Principal Component Analysis,and Non-matric Multidimentional Scaling （Non-matric MDS）were applied to quantitatively analyze the phonetic similarity among the 98 samples.The results showed that these samples could be divided into three groups,including 57 and 33 and 8 samples,re-spectively.Based on seed shattering trait,spike shape,seed coat colors and the data of their maturity,Group 1 and Group 2 were i-dentified as weedy rice and cultivated rice,respectively,while Group 3 as the samples with transitional characteristics between the weedy rice and cultivated rice.Analysis of variance on the phonetic data between Group 1 and Group 2 showed that the grain length,grain width,grain length/width,and the spikelet length of the weedy rice are significantly greater than those of the cultivat-ed rice,while individual height and awn length had no significant difference between them.