试论山地系统科学

根据山地研究现状和相关学科发展，提出山地系统科学概念、科学问题、研究方法，建立山地系统科学的框架．山地系统科学，以地球系统科学理论作为理论指导，以“3S”集成等新方法和技术体系为支撑，从时间序列、空间结构、动态过程和耦合关系等多维度入手，对山地系统的动态过程、演变规律、形成机制、耦合关系等展开全方位的研究．从时间序列上，重点研究不同时期自然及人为作用下山地系统的环境演变与山地资源灾害的时空响应机理，辨识环境演变与资源灾害过程的驱动力，揭示山地环境演变过程和山地灾害的成因机理；从空间结构上，开展山地系统结构、功能及成山过程研究，深入探讨不同类型山地环境、资源与灾害的空间分异规律；在时空耦合界面上，探讨重大山地环境和灾害问题，建立评价和区划指标体系，研究山地系统的调控与管理，以及生态经济环境质量综合评估，地质——生态环境演变趋势预测，人——山系统的调控与管理体系，提出合理地开发自然资源和有效地减轻自然灾害的理论和技术措施，推进山地可持续发展．鉴于研究对象复杂性和多学科交叉性，山地系统科学必须把许多相关理论熔合出自身理论体系，形成统一观点和普适方法，同时为西部大开发和贫困山区跨越式发展提供科学基础．

On Mountain System Science

Concept and science issues, research methodology and research way of Mountain System Science are advanced based on the current situation of mountain research. A scientific frame is provided for establishing Mountain System Science. Under the theoretical guidance of Earth System Science as its scientific basis, technical bolster as "3S" integration means and, proceeding with multiple dimensions including time sequence, spatial configuration, dynamic procession and coupling relation etc. and Mountain system science deploys entire orientation study on dynamic procession, evolution law, formation mechanism and coupling relation of mountain system. In time sequence, center on temporal - spatial response mechanism of environmental evolution and resource and disasters of mountain system at different times in natural and artificial action, discriminate the driving force of environmental evolution and resource- disaster procession, post evolution procession of mountain environment and formation mechanism of mountain calamity; from the spatial configuration, expand the study including mountain system structure, function and forming- mountain course, deeply probe into the spatial different law of various type mountain environments, resources and disasters; in spatial - temporal coupling interphase, discuss grave mountain environment and disaster issues, establish the index system of evaluation and division, regulate and supervise mountain system, as well as synthetically evaluate eco - economic environmental quality, the forecast trend of geo -eco - environmental evolution, regulating and supervising system of human- mountain system, put forward the scientific basis and technical measures for developing natural resources rationally and alleviating natural disasters efficiently, and boost mountain sustainable development. As for complexity of research object and intersection of multiknowledge,Mountain System Science must fuse many correlative theories into self basic theory system, and form unitary viewpoint and general methodology, as well as offer certain theoretical basis for the Great West Exploitation and skipping - style development of poverty stricken mountain area.