面向省级应急平台的突发事件知识库系统设计

 应急平台系统要从传统的信息管理单元转变为智能化信息处理单元,需要集成大量突发事件知识。而要更好的管理和使用突发事件知识,有必要构建基于信息技术的知识库系统。通过研究突发事件领域的知识特点,提出了突发事件知识库系统的总体目标与功能需求,给出了系统构建的框架,探讨了系统设计的微观原则与总体原则。基于系统目标与设计原则,建议了知识库中知识的元模型以及知识库的组织模型。每个知识元由法律法规、技术规范、应急知识和推理规则4个要素构成。组织模型为4大类3层模式,最上层的4大类分别是自然灾害、事故灾难、公共卫生事件和社会安全事件,中间层依据具体的省情决定包含的二级子类的数量和种类,最底层为单个知识元。结合应急管理技术和数据库技术,从软件开发的角度提出了突发事件知识库系统的初步实现方法,即基于MVC 3层框架结构实现对知识库系统的构建。最后,基于前述设计与分析给出了系统的基本原型。本文的研究工作可为应急平台体系的智能化发展提供一定的支持。

Provincial Emergency Platform Oriented Database System Design for Emergency Knowledge

To upgrade the emergency management platform from its traditional role of information management to the intelligent process role of information, the massive knowledge about emergencies must be integrated. To better manage and use the emergency knowledge, it is necessary to build a knowledge database system based on the information technology. In view of the characteristics of knowledge in the field of emergency, the overall system objectives and the function requirements of the emergency knowledge database are proposed. The structure of the system is also provided. Meanwhile, the microcosmic and macroscopic principals for the system design are discussed. Based on the system goals and the design principles, some organization and unit models for the knowledge database are recommended. Each knowledge unit is composed of four elements, i.e. the laws and regulations, the technical specifications, the emergency knowledge and the inference rules. The organization mode is of four major categories and of three-layer. The top four major categories are the natural disasters, the accidents, the public health incidents and the social safety events. The types and the numbers of sub-classes of the middle layer are determined according to the specific situation of the province. The lowest level of the organization is every single knowledge unit. Combined with emergency management and the database technology, the method of the implementation of the knowledge database is proposed from the perspective of the software development. The database system is based on the MVC three-layer structure. Finally, based on the above design and analysis, a basic prototype of the system is proposed.