国际科学计量学及其姊妹学科的计量与图谱

 科学计量学(Scientometrics)及其姊妹学科——信息计量学(Informetrics)、文献计量学(Bibliometrics)和网络计量学(Webometrics/Cybermetrics)(简称SIBW学科),自诞生以来获得长足的进步。本文按照SIBW学科的起源草创时期(1917—1939)、奠基形成时期(1939—1969)、命名繁荣时期(1969—2011),分3个阶段回顾了科学计量学及其姊妹学科产生与形成的历程,进而统计分析了SIBW学科文献数量在1975—2009年间的年度分布。从不同视角考察分析了SIBW学科之间的结构关系和数据关系。在此基础上,采用科学计量学和知识图谱的方法分析了SIBW学科的新近成长、研究前沿与热点领域,并通过对支撑SIBW学科的2个权威期刊的计量研究,进一步印证了SIBW学科的前沿态势。最后,展望了深入探索计量学多学科的内在联系、共性规律和统一理论的广阔前景。

Measuring and Mapping of International Scientometrics and Its Sister Disciplines

At the very inception of the Scientometrics with its sister disciplines-Informetrics, Bibliometrics, and Webometrics/Cybermetrics (referred to as simply SIBW disciplines), they have been made a great progress. Firstly, the history of SIBW disciplines is reviewed as the following three stages, that is, origin and pioneering period (1917—1939), foundation and formation period (1939—1969), and named and booming period (1969—2011). And then the annual distribution of the number of SIBW disciplines literatures during the 1975—2009 is statistically analyzed; the structural and data relationships within the SIBW disciplines are examined from all angles. Furthermore, the recent expansion of SIBW disciplines, their research frontiers, and hotspot area are also discussed by scientometrics and knowledge mapping, the forefront trend of the SIBW disciplines is confirmed through the measurement for two authoritative journals in the field. Finally, the internal relations, common laws, and unified theory of the metrics multi-disciplines are prospected.