黑龙江省苔藓土壤微生境中动物物种多样性分析

 为了详细了解黑龙江省苔藓土壤中的动物种类和数量,分别于2009年6月、8月和2010年7月,通过简单培养从黑龙江省的帽儿山、威虎山、七星河国家级自然保护区以及大兴安岭地区的塔河等地采集的苔藓材料400份,共收集苔藓土壤动物2932只,隶属于17类物种。结果表明,中、小型的螨类和弹尾类构成了苔藓土壤动物群落的主体。其中,螨类占总捕量的56.17%,弹尾类占总捕量的28.39%。物种多样性分析结果表明,塔河和帽儿山地区的苔藓土壤动物物种比较丰富,相似度较高;而威虎山和七星河地区物种丰富度较差,相似度较高。由此可知,生态系统的复杂程度与苔藓中物种的多样性呈显著正相关,苔藓动物可以作为环境监测和环境修复的指示物种。

Species Diversity on Moss Soil Microhabitat in Heilongjiang Province

Moss provides ideal biological indicators for global changes, environmental pollution, nutrient conditions, forest integrity and ecosystem health because it is very sensitive to the concentration of atmosphere components and the global climate change. In order to know various species of soil animals and their number in a moss microhabitat, this study collected 400 moss specimens from Maoershan Mountain, Weihushan Mountain, Qixinghe Conservation and Tahe Town in Heilongjiang Province and compared the related data between mountain and wetland habitats. There are a total of 2932 soil animals identified through simple cultivating and they belong to 17 categories. It is indicated that the medium and small soil animals constitute the main part of soil animals in this area, including mites (56.17%) and Collembola (28.39%). It may be speculated that these two types of animals might adapt to the cold environment of the high-latitude with high tolerability and suitability. Tahe Town and Maoershan Mountain have high species diversity and similarity, while Weihushan Mountain and Qixinghe Conservation have low species diversity but high similarity. So, species diversity on the moss soil microhabitat has a remarkable positive correlation with the complexity of the ecosystem and some species can be selected as the standard indicators of the state of the environment. Further studies on response and adaptation of soil animals in the moss to the global changes are needed in the future.