共享经济的发展历程、分类及商业模式研究

随着移动互联网的普及和发展,近年来在住宿、餐饮、交通等领域出现了很多共享经济企业，共享经济新业态已经成为现代商业模式创新的一种重要模式。为了理清其内涵和特征，更好地指导行业实践，并推动理论发展。本文梳理了共享经济理论和企业实践的发展历程，对共享经济模式进行了分析，并以商业模式画布为分析框架，比较研究了多个企业案例。研究发现：共享经济理论和企业实践的发展经历了4个阶段，即理论起源阶段、实践尝试和理论拓展阶段、实践爆发和理论迭代阶段、理论共识和实践创新阶段；按照所覆盖行业领域不同，共享经济可以分为共享生活、共享生产、其他共享服务3种模式；3种不同类型的共享经济模式在目标顾客、价值主张、顾客关系、关键资源、关键活动和伙伴关系等要素方面存在差异，而在渠道、收入来源和成本结构等要素方面具有相似性。

The Development Process, Classification and Business Model of Sharing Economy

As a new industry, sharing economy has become an important mode of modern business model innovation with the development of mobile internet and the emergence of shared economy enterprises in accommodation, catering and transportation. In order to clarify its connotation and characteristics to guide the practice and promote the development of theory, this paper summarizes the development process of theory and practice, and classifies the types of sharing economy, then compares several enterprise cases based on the business model canvas. The results show that: the development process of sharing economy theory and enterprise practice has gone through four stages: origin of theory, practical attempt and theoretical extension, practice eruption and theory iteration, theoretical consensus and practical innovation; the sharing economy can be divided into three types according to the industry fields covered: sharing life, sharing manufacture and sharing service; taking the nine elements of business model canvas as the analysis framework, there are differences in the target customers, value proposition, customer relationship, key resources, activities and partnerships among the three different models of sharing economy. However, they are similar in channel, revenue source and cost structure.