中国传统戏场建筑考略之一——历史沿革

在世界古代剧场史中，中国传统戏场别具一格，在华夏古典建筑中也是一种很有特殊的类型，中国传统戏曲以其时空虚拟的表演特征，在不设布景裸台上尽情表演，从而形成独特而卓越的戏剧艺术，传统戏场历史渊源，在各朝代和地域的形态各异，名称亦不相同，如勾阑，瓦舍，舞亭，看棚，乐棚，戏楼，戏园等等，中国大百科全书建筑卷中泛称之为戏场，最早戏场建筑保存至今者可追朔到元代，迄今已有八百余年历史。明，清时代戏场遗存者则多至数百座，遍布祖国各地，是灿烂的中华文化遗产瑰宝之一。作为开展这项研究的引子，以进一步发掘，梳理传统戏场建筑的发展过程和历史文脉。

Introduction of Chinese Traditional Theatrical Buildings Part A :History

The Chinese traditional theatrical buildings are unique in the world history of ancient theatres,and they are also of a special type in the Chinese classic architecture.Chinese performing arts could be traced back to a long history and had grown to maturity during the Song and Yuan Dynasties,11 th -14 th centuries.Although various designs and terms had been used for the theatrical buildings in the history,the pavilion stage open on three sides and thrust into the audience area is of characteristic feature.Several hundreds traditional theatrical buildings built in the Ming and Qing Dynasties can be found all over the country.Some are well preserved and quite a few of them are even functioning at present.This paper makes the beginning of a continuous endeavor in exploring this historical and cultural heritage.