能量转换量子系统的热力学特性及其研究进展

量子物理是理解微观粒子运动规律的现代物理学理论.它与信息、生命以及化学等学科相互联系日益紧密,引发了许多新技术革命,深刻影响着人类的生活,已成为社会经济发展的原动力之一.当前,量子物理和能源科学结合,正在产生新的学科生长点.本文主要概述多种类型能量转换量子系统的发展;结合国内外的研究现状,系统地阐明如何应用热力学理论研究量子体系的能量操控以及微观器件的优化设计;总结量子热力学循环、能量选择量子电子器件、量子点热管理器件等在理论和实验方面研究的代表性成果和进展;展望量子物理与能源科学交叉领域发展的新方向.

Thermodynamic characteristics and research progress of energy-conversion quantum systems

Quantum physics is a branch of modern physics for understanding the motion rules of microscopic particles.It is increasingly interconnected with information,life,chemistry,and other disciplines,triggering many new technological revolutions and profoundly affecting human life.It has become one of the driving forces of socio-economic development.At present,the combination of quantum physics with energy subjects is creating a new disciplinary growing point.This paper mainly outlines the development of various types of energy-conversion quantum systems.Combined with the current research situation of domestic and overseas,the problems regarding the application of the thermodynamic theory to study the energy manipulation of quantum systems and the optimal design of microdevices are systematically clarified.The representative achievements and research progress in the theories and experiments of quantum thermodynamic cycles,energy-selective electron quantum devices,and quantum dot thermal management devices are summarized.The new development directions of the intersection fields of quantum physics and energy science are discussed.