英语科技名词汉译及其发展初探

英语科技名词汉译是科技文献资料翻译的重要组成部份。名词不仅数量多,使用广,且具多意性,翻译中应竭力做到取意正确,既能表达原意,又符合汉语规范。“信、达、雅”是长期以来检查译作质量高低的重要准绳。随着科学技术的发展,接踵而来的是新概念、新方法、新理论的不断出现,从而形成新的科学体系。反映上述客观事物,尤其是概念,均需名词,翻译中应一一定名,汉语中若无相应词汇表达,就得造新词或采取其它手段。科技英语中普通名词与专有名词的汉译不尽相同,常用的有意译、音译、音意兼顾译、形译、缩译等手段。普通名词意译为主,专有名词音译为主。本文还就现代英语名词汉译的发展与发展规律和规范等问题进行了讨论。

TRANSLATION OF SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL NOUNS FROM ENGLISH INTO CHINESE

The noun, quantity of which makes up a large proportion in parts of speech, being polysemous and in wide use, is an important part of the translation from English to Chinese in scientific and technical documents. It should be done to take the correct meaning both expressing the original intention and according with the Chinese customs. It has been an important standard inspecting the quality of the translation to be true to the original, to read smoothly and to be refined for a long time, with the development of science and technology, new concepts, new methods and new theory come out day by day, thus a new scientific system has been formed. These new concepts must be expressed with the nouns. If there are no corresponding words to express in Chinese, it is necessary to create new words. There are several ways of the nouns translation such as the methods translated by the sound, by the meaning, and by incorporating the sound and meaning and so on. The common nouns are mainly translated by meaning, but the proper nouns mainly by sound, sometimes both the methods are adopted. This paper also discusses the development of the translation from English to Chinese, its laws and standardization.