敦煌西汉金山国政权性质及其立国举措成败析论

敦煌张氏归义军政权的第三代统治者张承奉，在唐朝已经灭亡、外患方殷的形势下，在原地方政权基础上于910年建立起具有高度独立性的西汉金山国政权，使原来一直奉唐正朔的张氏政权由此蜕变为割据性独立政权。其立国之举虽不乏民众基础，但加剧了与周边政权特别是甘州回鹘政权关系的紧张。此举道义上的欠缺和策略上的失误，暴露出统治者为了自身利益最大化的离心倾向，但不能完全否认其自存自保的现实意义，而上层及民众中普遍存在的中原情结，表露出敦煌地方与中原血脉相连的精神实质，这正是汉民族文化认同的巨大张力和国家统一必然性的反映，也是西汉金山国政权特殊性的典型表现。

Analysis on Nature of Regime of Dunhuang Western Hans’ Jinshan Kingdom and Lessons of Its Founding

Based on original local regime,Zhang Chengfeng,the third-generation ruler of the Guiyi Jun(the army that stand up for justice) of local regime of Dunhuang Zhang Family,founded the Western Hans’ Jinshan Kingdom regime with high degree of independence in the situation of ruin of the Tang Dynasty and serious foreign aggression in 910 A D.The founding of the regime stood for the changing of Zhang Family regime from the regime obeying the Tang Dynasty to an independent separationist regime.Although the founding of the regime had its public acceptation,the founding had increased the tense relationships between Zhang Family regime and surrounding regimes,especially with Ganzhou Uighur regime.Despite the fact that the deficiencies in morality aspect and faults in strategy aspect of the founding disclosed a tendency of rulers’ purpose of maximizing their own interests,the practical importance of protecting their rights and control could not be totally overlooked.And the Central Plains Complex(commonly existed among upper classes and public) reflected the essential spirit that Dunhuang and the Central Plains are as close to each other as flesh and blood,which also both demonstrated the great cohesion of cultural identity of Han nationality and the necessity of national unity and precisely reflected the particularity of the regime.