不同结荚习性大豆生殖生长的比较研究

不同结英习性大豆生殖生长的比较研究对大豆生产是有益的,特别是对提高大豆育种的杂交成功率是大有益处的.本研究表明:不同结英习性大豆品种的始花期和花期长度是不同的,无限型和亚有限型大豆开花较早且花期较长,有限型大豆浓农91-44开花晚、花期短.无限型大豆浓农92-16和亚有限型大豆浓豆4号开花高蜂出现较早,而有限型大豆浓农91-44开花晚,在开花中期日开花量剧增.无限型大豆沈农92-16结英率低(23.6%),亚有限型大豆沈豆4号居中,为27.75%,有限型大豆沈农91-44结荚率最高,达43.50%.大豆不同植侏部位的结荚率也不相同,在冠层上部结荚率较高,其次是中部和下部.这意味着生产上要注意冠层上部和中部荚的形成;大豆育种者应选择冠层中上部的花做杂交,其成功率会大大提高.各种结英习性大豆开花中期形成的荚其灌浆速率较高.在籽粒形成过程中,蛋白质和指肪含量的变化一直呈负相关关系.

Comparison on Reproductive Growth of Different Podding Habit Soybeans

The comparison on the growth and development of soybeans(Glycine max(L.)Merr.) with different podding habits would be helpful for soybean production and research,especially for those who hybridized soybeans. The results indicated that there were some differences between the beginning date of blooming and the duration of blooming among different varieties with different podding habits.Indeterminate and semideterminate soybeans bloomed earlier and had a longer duration of blooming. However, determinate SN9144 bloomed later and lasted shorter. The blooming peaks of indeterminate SN9216 and semideterminate SD4 appeared earlier, determinate SN9144 bloomed later and had a burst blooming at the middle of blooming. Indeterminate soybean SN9216 had low podding rate(23.26%),semideterminate SD4 'podding rate was 27.75% and determinate SN9144 had a higher podding rate (43.50%). Soybeans had different podding rates at different positions of plants.They had the highest podding rate in the upper canopy, and then in the middle canopy,the lowest podding rate at the low canopy, which implied farmer should take care of the pod formation in the upper and middle canopy, and soybean breeder had better select the flowers at upper and middle canopy for a high successful rate of crossing. Among all soybeans with different podding habits the pods formed at the middle stage had higher pod-filling rates. During the seed formation there was a significant negative relationship between the contents of protein and fat. When the content of protein decreased, the fat content increased; as the content of protein increased, the fat content decreased.