不同足球水平女大学生反应抑制能力的差异及其脑结构基础

采用磁共振成像技术，结合Stop-Signal任务范式测评不同足球训练水平女大学生反应抑制能力的差异并探究其脑结构基础．34名被试按照足球训练水平分为对照组（CG）、业余组(AG)和专业组(PG)，采用Stop-Signal任务评估反应抑制能力；基于体素形态学对T1结构像进行组间差异分析，并进行FDR校正；采用相关分析探究反应抑制能力和差异脑区之间的关系．结果表明:1）与CG相比，PG和AG的反应时分别缩短48和44 ms（P<0.05）；PG、AG较CG的停止信号反应时分别减少116和96 ms（P<0.05），PG较AG停止信号反应时显著减少10 ms（P<0.05）；PG(57%)抑制正确率显著高于CG(55%)（P<0.05）．2）与CG相比，PG右侧小脑Crus1、丘脑、中央前后回及小脑蚓部Ⅷ，左侧小脑Crus1、苍白球、丘脑，灰质体积显著增大（P<0.05, FDR）；PG较AG右侧梭状回、中央前回、左侧扣带中回灰质体积显著增大（P<0.001）；AG较CG在双侧苍白球灰质体积显著增大（P<0.001）．3）小脑蚓部Ⅷ灰质密度和反应时存在显著负相关（P<0.05, r= ?0.12）；停止信号反应时与右侧丘脑(P<0.05, r= ?0.41)、左侧苍白球(P<0.01, r= ?0.49)呈显著负相关；抑制正确率与右侧梭状回(P<0.05, r=0.46)、左侧苍白球（P<0.01, r=0.47）呈显著正相关．长期足球训练显著提高女大学生反应抑制能力，且反应抑制能力与小脑蚓部Ⅷ、左侧苍白球、右侧丘脑、右侧梭状回灰质密度显著相关．推测长期足球训练通过诱导基底神经节、小脑灰质体积的变化来调节反应抑制能力的提升．因为本文采用了横断面研究，不能得出反应抑制和足球训练之间的直接因果关系，但在一定程度上表明二者之间存在显著相关关系．因此，后续还需要更多纵向对照研究，进一步确定因果关系． 

Differences in response inhibition in female college students of different soccer levels: correlation with brain anatomy

Large differences in response inhibition during Stop-Signal task among female college students at different soccer levels were correlated with brain anatomy after magnetic resonance imaging．Participants (34) were divided into control group (CG), amateur group (AG) and professional group (PG) according to their soccer training levels．Stop-Signal task was used to assess response inhibition．Differences in T1 structural images among groups were analyzed by Voxel-based morphometry, and corrected by FDR．Correlation between response inhibition and brain regions was evaluated．Compared with reaction time in CG, reaction time in PG and AG was found to shorten by 48 and 44 ms (P < 0.05) respectively．The Stop-Signal reaction time in PG and AG decreased by 116 and 96 ms respectively when compared to CG (P < 0.05); Stop-Signal reaction time in PG decreased by 10 ms when compared with AG (P < 0.05)．PG showed higher accuracy rate than CG (P < 0.05)．Professional group showed bigger gray matter volume in the right postcentral gyrus, precentral gyrus, thalamus, cerebellum_Crus1, cerebellum vermis, left thalamus, pallidum, cerebellum_Crus1 than control group (P < 0.05, FDR)．Compared with AG, PG showed increased gray matter volume in the right fusiform gyrus, precentral gyrus and left middle cingulate gyrus (P < 0.001)．Augmented gray matter volume was found in bilateral pallidum in AG when compared to CG (P < 0.001)．Response time showed significant negative correlation with concentration of cerebellum vermis Ⅷ (P < 0.05, r = ?0.12)．SSRT showed significant negative correlation with concentration of right thalamus (P < 0.05, r = ?0.41) and left pallidum (P < 0.01, r = ?0.49)．Accuracy rate of inhibition showed significant positive correlation with concentration of right fusiform gyrus (P < 0.05, r = 0.46) and left pallidum (P < 0.01, r = 0.47)．It is concluded that long-term soccer training significantly improve response inhibition in college female students．Response inhibition is correlated with gray matter density in cerebellum vermis Ⅷ, left pallidum, right fusiform gyrus and thalamus．Long-term soccer training may induce transformation of basal ganglia and cerebellum gray matter volume to mediate improved response inhibition．More longitudinal control studies are needed to further determine such causal relationships．