中国鸟类物种丰富度的地理格局及其与环境因子的关系

基于中国鸟类分布数据和增强型植被指数(EVI)、海拔、气温、降水等环境和地理因子数据, 探讨中国鸟类及其主要类群的物种丰富度的地理格局及可能的影响因素。结果显示, 中国鸟类物种丰富度存在着一定的随纬度增高物种丰富度降低的趋势, 物种丰富度高值地区包括大兴安岭、小兴安岭、长江下游、武夷山、西双版纳、天山西部、喜马拉雅山东南麓至横断山脉等若干地区, 而在青藏高原大部、长江以南部分地区等出现低值, 但线性回归显示, 纬度梯度不明显。相关性分析结果显示, 与物种丰富度的Spearman相关性系数较高的环境因子有EVI、年均温、年平均降水等多种, 说明环境因子对物种丰富度的地理格局存在复杂的共同作用机制。因子分析结果显示, 这些环境因子可以分为能量、海拔变幅、气温稳定性、距最近大型水体的距离等4种主要因子。

Geographic Patterns of Avian Species Richness in China and Their Environmental Factors

Based on published distribution data and environmental and geographical factors, the authors discussed the geographic patterns of species richness of Aves and its taxa in China. Results show that the avian species richness in China exhibited latitudinal gradients that decreased as latitude increased but the correlation was weak, which was proved by linear regression. The hotspots of species richness included Khingan Mountain Ranges, lower reaches of the Yangtze River, Wuyishan, Xishuangbanna, West Tianshan, Southeast Himalayas to Hengduan Mountains, etc. Low species richness territories included most areas of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, some areas on the south of the Yangtze River, etc. Several factors, including EVI, annual mean temperature and annual mean precipitation, with high Spearman Correlation demonstrated a complex multi-factor machanism determining the geographic patterns of species richness. According to factor analysis, the principal components included energy, elevation range, temperature evenness, and the distance to the nearest large waterbody.