近30年中国东部气温对土地覆被变化的敏感性

利用1979?2010年中国东部295个气象站点近30年逐年各月的月平均气温数据, 分析气象站站点周围3 km土地覆被变化和相应气温变化, 研究中国东部地表土地覆被变化对站点气温变化的影响。结果表明: 近30年研究区域内草地锐减, 城市剧烈扩张, 林地显著增加; 站点气温年平均变化率在-0.2~0.9℃/10a之间, 区域气温年平均变化率为0.38℃/10a; 不同土地覆被上的气象站点气温变化率明显不同, 按城市、农田、草地、林地的顺序依次减小; 区域气温变化是多种覆被共同作用的结果; 土地覆被变化并非局地气温上升的唯一原因, 却深刻地影响着局地年气温变化率。

Sensitivity of Air Temperature to Land Cover Change in Eastern China during the Last 30 Years

Utilizing land cover change (LCC) information together with monthly average air temperature record of 295 meteorological stations densely-scattered in eastern China, sensitivity of regional air temperature of meteorological stations to LCC is explored from 1979 to 2010. Results reveal that area of grassland decreases dramatically with that of urban skyrocketing as well as obvious enlargement in forest area. The annual temperature trend ranges from -0.2 to 0.9℃/10a, averaged 0.38℃/10a, which differs among stations characterized by various land covers, indicating a decreasing trend from urban to cropland to grassland to forest to water. The impact of LCC on air temperature is collaboratively driven by land covers around stations. Though it is not exactly the only causative factor of regional warming, LCC does affect temperature variation profoundly.