“科学共同体”在近代中西方的形成与比较

该文首先对西方科学哲学家托玛斯·库恩提出的“科学共同体”概念作了分析，然后讨论了“科学共同体”在近代西方（欧洲）的形成以及它的作用，同时对这一时期中国与西方的情况进行了比较，进而指明“科学共同体”未能于明末清初出现是中国科学技术在近代落后的内在原因之一，最后以中国科学技术在20世纪10～40年代进入一个新的发展阶段为例，得出“科学共同体”是将科学技术向前推进的有力杠杆的结论。

FORMATION AND COMPARISON OF THE "SCIENCE COMMUNITY" BETWEEN CHINA AND THE MODERN WEST

This paper first analyses the concept of "science community" proposed by the contemporary science philosopher Thomas Kuhn. Then, it investigates the historical process,together with the function, of the rise of the "science community" in modern West (Europe). At the same time, a comparison is also made between the modern West and modern China. It is pointed out that one of the internal reasons for the backwardness of the science and technology in modern China lies in the fact that the "science community"did not appear in the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty. Some examples are also given to show that the coming of the" science community" in the 1910s~ 1940s in China made it possible for its science and technology to develop steadily. Thus, a conclusion is reached that the "science community" is a great promotion to the development of science and technology.