纳米尺度激光紧聚焦光穿孔技术

论述了一种新型的细胞转导方法——纳米尺度激光紧聚焦光穿孔技术.按照光穿孔可能的物理机制,分4类讨论了现在主流的光穿孔技术:连续激光光穿孔,其中最前沿的技术是紫外二极管激光光穿孔；纳秒、皮秒激光脉冲和经放大的千赫兹飞秒激光脉冲光穿孔,其中应用范围最广的是Nd:YAG激光器；飞秒激光振荡器发出的兆赫兹脉冲序列光穿孔,该技术在多尺度、跨学科及在体研究中扮演重要角色；最新出现的利用双脉冲微射流进行光穿孔,这是光穿孔技术中仅有的一种将外源物主动引入细胞内的方法.可以预见:当激光紧聚焦技术结合了双光子荧光显微镜、微芯片实验室、膜片钳技术等各种单细胞分析技术后,必将在细胞间通信、干细胞谱系提交、癌症转移、激光基因疗法、胚胎发育学以及神经功能再生等学科领域中产生重大影响.

Nano-Scale Photoporation by Tightly Focused Lasers:A Survey

A novel cellular transfer method,nano-scale photoporation by tightly focused laser,is introduced.According to the underlying physical mechanisms,four main-stream photoporation methods are discussed-Photoporation by CW lasers,whose cutting edge technology is photoporation by violet diode laser;Photoporation with nanosecond,picosecond or amplified kHz femtosecond laser pulses,whose most commonly used laser is Nd:YAG laser;Photoporation based on MHz femtosecond pulse series from femtosecond oscillator,which plays a big role in multi-scale,interdisciplinary and in vivo research;The newly developed photoporation based on micro-jet induced by two pulses,which is regarded as the unique active photoporation method.It is predicted that photoporation,combined with the other techniques,such as two-photon microscope,lab-on-a-chip,catch-clamp,can strongly affect cell-cell communication,stem cell lineage commitment,cancer metastasis,laser gene therapy,embryology and nerve regeneration.