比喻义的训释与比喻义的形成--《现代汉语词典》比喻义计量研究之一

运用计量统计的方法,分析了<现代汉语词典>(1983年版)中2488条比喻义的释义特点及所反映的词义性质.概括出了六种释义类型,反映出两种不同性质的比喻义固定比喻义与语境比喻义.固定比喻义是指已经凝固为稳定词义成分的比喻义,已成为词典释义中的一部分.语境比喻义是指靠具体上下文来显示的比喻义,以例句的形式来体现.<现代汉语词典>对比喻义的处理方法在词汇学与词典学有着独到的贡献再现了词义形成、稳定的过程;扩大了规范语文词典反映语言事实的范围,加强了语文词典的"引导"功能;丰富了词典的编纂技巧,完善了语文词典的表现手段.

The Form of the Metaphorical Meaning and the Exegesis of the Metaphorical Meaning

Metaphorical meaning is the sense of a word extended from the polysements by metaphor. We conclude that there are 2488 words which have metaphorical meanings in the Modern Chinese Dictionary with the help of the computer and divide them into 6 types according to the ways the editors explain the words .By analyzing the characteristics of these types, this paper groups them into two kinds: one is the steady metaphorical meaning which has been a firm part of the explanations of the dictionary, the other one is the contextual metaphorical meaning only revealed by the context and manifested in the example sentences. The Modern Chinese Dictionary makes greater contributions to the lexicology and lexicography in the means it deals with the meanings of the words, such as representing again the process of how the meaning of the word appears and grows ,expanding the range in reflecting the language facts, strengthening the guiding functions of the language and literature dictionary and enriching the compiling technique.