云南陆稻品种籼粳分化与遗传变异

利用34个籼粳特异插入缺失(insertion/deletion,InDel)分子标记和24个SSR分子标记对云南113个陆稻品种的籼粳分化与遗传变异进行分析.InDel分子标记鉴定结果表明,云南陆稻以粳稻(粳型、偏粳型)品种为主,占总品种的83.2%.聚类结果显示,云南陆稻品种明显聚为4大类群(籼型、偏籼型、粳型、偏粳型),支持InDel分子标记鉴定结果.重新将云南陆稻品种的种植区域划分为2个:(1)海拔1250m以下为籼粳稻混合种植区;(2)海拔1250m以上为粳稻种植区.SSR遗传多样性分析结果表明,云南陆稻籼粳亚种间遗传多样性均很丰富,籼稻品种的遗传多样性高于粳稻品种且差异显著.分子方差分析显示,云南陆稻遗传变异主要来自亚种内(占总变异81%),亚种间遗传变异占19%.不同地区间陆稻种质资源遗传多样性比较分析表明,滇西南与滇南地区存在丰富的遗传变异,是云南陆稻品种遗传多样性的分布中心.半山云雾多湿区作为云南陆稻品种的传统种植区域,保留大量的遗传变异与稻种资源,是开展陆稻种质资源保护、利用的核心区域.

Indica-japonica differentiation and genetic variation of upland rice varieties from Yunnan Province,China

Indica-japonica differentiation and genetic variation of 113 Yunnan upland rice varieties were analyzed by using 34 InDel and 24 SSR markers,respectively.The results of indica-japonica differentiation identified by using InDe1 markers showed that japonica upland rice varieties in Yunnan mainly accounted for 83.3% of total species.Neighbor Joining clustering analysis showed those varieties could be divided clearly into indica,partial indica,partial japonica and japonica,it supported the results of InDe1 molecular markers.To be more accurately reflecting the upland rice cultivation pattern along the altitude gradients,we propose to categorize upland rice planting regions in Yunnan into two:(1) indica and japonica mixed cultivation zone with the altitudes below 1250 m;and(2) japonica upland rice cultivation zone with the altitudes above 1250 m.Test results of 113 upland rice varieties measured by using 24 SSR markers showed that both of the two subspecies had rich genetic diversity,comparison of genetic changes in I and H showed that the genetic diversity of indica subspecies significantly higher than that of japonica subspecies.The analysis of molecular variance(AMOVA) indicated that 81% of the variation was from differences among varieties within subspecies,and 19% of the variation was due to differences among subspecies.The southwest,south of Yunnan Province were the distribution center of genetic diversity of upland rice varieties in Yunnan,because the highest genetic variation was found in these areas.Mid clouds and wet areas as Yunnan upland rice varieties of the traditional growing areas maintained a large number of genetic variation and rice resources,which was the core area of upland rice germplasm conservation and utilization.