青藏高原盐类矿物研究进展

 青藏高原盐湖众多，盐类矿物种类丰富。从20世纪50年代国家组织各部门对青藏高原进行勘察和科考以来，在盐类矿物研究方面取得众多进展。目前青藏高原已发现盐类矿物53种，按照化学类型分为氯化物、硫酸盐、碳酸盐和硼酸盐，其中新矿物为5种，包括在青海大柴旦发现的章氏硼镁石、三方硼镁石和水碳硼石，居红土的祁连山石和西藏扎布耶盐湖的扎布耶石。近年来，对于盐类矿物的古气候意义研究逐渐增多，按照其形成和保存温度环境，可以分为冷相类、暖相类和广温相类，被誉为有根据的古气候“温度-湿度计” ；芒硝作为典型冷相矿物的代表，其稳定和不稳定芒硝层的古温度范围已确定；扎布耶石作为典型暖相矿物的代表，其形成和保存温度也已明确。利用矿物间的共生关系，可以反映湖区的古温度范围，在古气候研究中应用前景广阔。

Research progress of salt minerals in Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

There are a great number of salt lakes in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau and salt lakes are rich in salt minerals in.Fifty three kinds of salt minerals are found in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau,and according to the chemical types they are divided into the chloride,the sulphate,the carbonate and the borax.Five new minerals are first found,including the hungchaoite,the macallisterite,the carboborite in the Da Qaidam Lake,the qilianshanite in the Juhongtu and the zabuyelite in the Zabuye Lake.According to Professor Zheng Mianping,the saline minerals are divided into the cold,warm and eurythermal saline minerals.It is known as a "temperature-hygrometer" as far as the ancient climate is concerned.In recent years,the climatic significance of salt minerals is gradually recognized.According to the temperature of formation and preservation,the salt minerals can be divided into the cold salt mineral,the warm salt mineral and the wide temperature salt mineral.This kind of classification is known as the "temperature-humidity meter" of the ancient climate.The mirabilite,as a representative of the typical cold salt minerals,is formed in the stable and unstable salt layer in different temperatures.On the other hand,the zabuyelitewill is formed easily in a higher temperature,so it is called typical warm salt mineral.According to the symbiotic relationship of different minerals,we can study the palaeo-environment and paleo-climate of the lake.