青藏高原湖泊湖面变迁及影响因素

 湖泊对气候波动有敏感记录。以地理信息系统（GIS）和遥感（RS）技术为基础，从20世纪70年代、90年代、2000年前后和2010年前后4期Landsat遥感影像中，提取青藏高原所有湖泊边界信息，建立青藏高原湖泊空间数据库，并收集了青藏高原47个气象台站的年平均气温和年降雨量资料（1961-2010），研究青藏高原湖泊湖面变迁及其影响因素。结果表明，1973-2010年，青藏高原湖泊个数和总面积呈显著增加的趋势；青藏高原湖泊湖面变迁主要受气温升高、降雨量增加和蒸发量减少的影响；此外，影响青藏高原湖泊湖面动态变化的因素还有冰川分布、人类活动、湖盆形状、补给和排泄区等。

Surface area variations of lakes in the Tibetan Plateau and their influencing factors

The levels and the surface areas of lakes are indicators of the climate change and the climate variability. In order to assess the surface area variations of lakes in the Tibetan Plateau and their influencing factors, the surface extent of all lakes in the Tibetan Plateau is extracted from the Landsat remote sensing images of the 1970's, the 1990's, around 2000 and 2010, to develop the lake spatial database based on the RS and GIS technologies. Moreover, the annual average temperature and the annual precipitation from 1961 to 2010 at 47 weather stations are collected. It is shown that the number and the total surface area of the lakes in the Tibetan Plateau increase significantly from 1973 to 2010. The surface area variations of the lakes are mainly influenced by the increasing temperature and precipitation, as well as the decreasing evaporation. Additionally, there are other factors responsible for the changes, i.e., the glaciers, the human activities, the lake basin shape, and the recharge and discharge areas.