具有视觉诱导功能的隧道进出口道路标线设计

隧道作为一种特殊的管状构造物，因内外光环境的差异导致隧道进出口处的事故率明显高于普通路段。为提高隧道进出口处的安全性，提出一种具有视觉诱导功能的交通标线设计，并采用眼动特征指标检验标线的警示作用。基于透视原理与闪现率原理确定交通标线宽度与间距的取值范围，依据山区隧道的特点确定交通标线的具体设计值，通过视觉诱导理论设计的渐变交通标线与常规等间距设计的交通标线作对比；选取85名年龄在18到50周岁的受试者参与本项试验，通过虚拟驾驶技术获得不同的交通标线对驾驶员眼动特征的影响规律，以眼动特征表征受试人员在模拟行驶时的心理和生理的变化。对比两种交通标线对受试人员的瞳孔面积和注视区域的影响，绘制路面热力图及眼动轨迹图。研究表明：受试人员在试验中，接近隧道入口处时，行驶在具有视觉诱导功能的交通标线上瞳孔面积变化率较小，注视区域集中，注视点离散程度低，待完全进入隧道后眼动特征变化基本一致。说明具有视觉诱导功能的交通标线能较好的吸引驾驶人员的注意力，减少事故发生，与常规的交通标线相比眼动特征明显且具有良好的区分度。

Road Marking Design of Tunnel Entrance and Exit with Visual Inducement Function

As a special tubular structure, the accident rate at the entrance and exit of the tunnel is obviously higher than that of the ordinary section due to the difference of internal and external light environment. In order to improve the safety of tunnel entrance and exit, a traffic line designed with visual induction function is proposed, and the warning function of the line is tested by eye movement characteristic index. Based on perspective principle and flash rate principle, the value range of traffic line width and spacing is determined. The specific design value of traffic line is determined according to the characteristics of mountain tunnel. The gradient traffic line designed by visual induction theory is compared with the conventional traffic line designed with equal spacing. Eighty-five subjects aged from 18 to 50 years old are selected to participate in this experiment. The effects of different traffic lines on drivers'' eye movement characteristics are obtained through virtual driving technology, and the eye movement characteristics are used to represent the psychological and physiological changes of the subjects during simulated driving. The effects of the two traffic lines on the pupil area and fixation area of the subjects are compared, and the road thermal map and eye movement track map are drawn. The results show that: when the subjects are near the tunnel entrance, the change rate of pupil area on the traffic line with visual induction function is small, the fixation area is concentrated, and the dispersion degree of fixation point is low. After entering the tunnel completely, the changes of eye movement characteristics are basically the same. It shows that the traffic line with visual induction function can better attract the attention of drivers and reduce the occurrence of accidents. Compared with the conventional traffic line, the eye movement feature is obvious and has good discrimination.