冲击载荷下金属薄壁圆柱壳动态响应特性研究

为探讨薄壁结构金属件在冲击载荷作用下的变形模态、受力特征等动态力学响应特性，对3种材料的薄壁圆柱壳体进行了不同速度的落锤冲击实验，获得了相同冲击条件下不同材料圆柱壳体的变形模态、吸能方式和轴向缩短率，以及冲击速度和径厚比对圆柱壳体吸能和轴向缩短率的影响规律. 研究结果表明:薄壁圆柱壳的轴向缩短率随着冲击速度增加而增加，由于应变率效应吸能能力也随着冲击速度增加而增加；薄壁圆柱壳体的轴向缩短率随着径厚比的增加而增加；动态冲击条件下的平均后屈曲载荷远大于准静态条件下的理论载荷，除了与圆筒直径、厚度以及材料特性相关外，还与冲击速度相关；通过非轴对称屈曲折皱变形来抗冲击A6060铝合金适合用于薄壁结构件. 

Dynamic Response of Thin-Walled Cylindrical Shells Suffering Impact Loading

To investigate the dynamic mechanical response characteristics, failure modes, and energy absorption characteristics of thin-walled metal structures under impact loading, the cylindrical shells were impacted by dropping hammer at different velocities. The deformation modes and the axial shortening rates of cylindrical shells with different materials under the same impact conditions were obtained. The effects to energy absorption and axial shortening rates of impact velocity and ratio of diameter to thickness were also analyzed. The results show that the axial shortening rate of thin-walled cylindrical shells increases with the increase of impact velocity and ratio of diameter to thickness. The energy absorption capacity increases with the increase of impact velocity due to strain rate effect. The average post-buckling load under dynamic impact condition is much larger than the theoretical load under quasi-static condition, which is related not only to the diameter, thickness and material properties of shells, but also to the impact velocity. To absorb the impact energy of the A6060 aluminum alloy through non-axisymmetric buckling and folding deformation applies to thin-walled structural parts.