2012年欧洲足球锦标赛决赛阶段西班牙队攻防特征研究

采用标记分析法和录像观察等方法，对2012年欧洲足球锦标赛西班牙队决赛阶段的6场比赛进行统计分析，探讨西班牙队的攻防特征和规律．结果表明，西班牙队在比赛中主要采用4—3—3阵型为基础的“无锋”战术；进攻以控制球权的战术打法为主，使用快速简练有效的传切配合为手段控制比赛节奏；西班牙队在6场比赛中射门102次，在全场比赛结束前15min是西班牙队进球最高峰时段；进球方式以推射为主，射门得分的区域主要集中在大禁区前沿位置；进球主要由中前场队员完成射门得分，12个进球中，7个进球由前卫队员打进，3个进球来自前锋队员；防守采用4后卫压迫式防守体系，以前场反抢、中场紧逼、后场密集的方式，形成压迫型整体网状防守体系，弱点是防守时盯人不紧．

Characteristics of the Offensive and Defensive of Spain during 2012 European Championships Finals

In our report, labeling analysis, video observation and other methods were performed to analyze 6 games of Spain team during 2012 European Championships Finals and discuss the offensive and defensive charac-teristics of Spain team. The results indicated that Spain team mainly uses 4-3-3 total football formation; control- ling the football is the leading attacking way of Spain team, and using simple and effective passes and receives combinations to control the game tempo ; Spain team shoots 102 times during 6 games, and gets most goals at last 15 minutes of match; Push shot is the chief way of goal and the field of goal is mainly concentrated in the front position of forbidden zone ; the goal is mainly achieved by midfield and quarterback players, in which 7 goals scored by the halfback and 3 goals scored by the forward; Spain team mainly uses 4 back men entrapment de- fense system, their defense adopts the methods of frontcourt counter attack, midfield control and concentrated own-half, which has formed an active and integrated defense network with tactics of mark-up combined with re-gional defense, however, the defensive weakness is not tight for man to man.