关于道德终极标准的几个问题

道德终极标准是由若干标准构成的道德标准体系：一个总标准和两个分标准。总标准是在任何情况下都应该遵循的道德终极标准：增减每个人魄利益总量。分标准1,是在人们利益不发生冲突而可以两全情况下的道德终极标准,亦即所谓的帕累托标准：无害一人地增加利益总量。分标准2则是在人们利益发生冲突而不能两全的情况下的道德终极标准：“最大利益净余额”标准——它在他人之间发生利益冲突时,表现为“最大多数人的最大利益”标准;而在自我利益与他人或社会利益发生冲突时,表现为“无私利他、自我牺牲”标准。

Some Problems on the Ultimate Standard of Morality

The ultimate standard of morality is a system made up of several standards,including one general standard and two specific standards.The general standard is the ultimate standard of morality abided by under any circumstances to increase the total amount of benefits for each person.However,the specific standards have two aspects: the first one is also called Pareto Standard which means the total amount of benefits can be increased without injuring anybody.The second one refers to the situation where there appears a benefit conflict among people but they fail to deal with it.The second standard aims to obtain the largest benefit net remaining sum,that is to say,when the conflict takes place among others,keep the largest benefits for the largest number of people.But when the conflict is between self and others or the society,benefit others by sacrificing self.