大气污染期间北京住宅室内外空气中PM2.5的浓度水平

由于2012~2013年北京大气环境质量整体较差,且多天的PM2.5日均浓度值超过0.500 mg/m3。鉴于此,为了解大气污染期间住宅室内外PM2.5的浓度水平,于2014年4~5月对北京市内4所住宅A、B、C和D的室内外PM2.5浓度分别进行了随时间变化的同步测试,并对其浓度水平及影响室内PM2.5的因素进行了分析。结果表明：(1)测试期间4所住宅中,B、C和D住宅室内外PM2.5的平均浓度均高于0.075 mg/m3,室外PM2.5平均浓度分别为0.143 mg/m3、0.122 mg/m3和0.124 mg/m3,室内PM2.5平均浓度分别为0.129 mg/m3、0.089 mg/m3和0.104 mg/m3；(2)在室内无明显污染源或污染源强度相对较低时,较高的室外PM2.5浓度对室内PM2.5浓度水平起主导影响；(3)吸烟和烹饪对室内PM2.5浓度影响较大,开、关窗时间及室外PM2.5浓度水平影响室内PM2.5的衰减时间；(4)北京市朝阳区2014年测试的住宅A、B和2015年同期测试的住宅Z1的室外PM2.5平均浓度分别为0.037 mg/m3、0143 mg/m3和0.028 mg/m3,2014年开始实施的《北京市大气污染防治条例》使2015年北京市室外空气质量有所改善。

The PM2.5 Concentration in the Indoor and Outdoor Air of Residences during Heavy Pollution in Beijing

From 2012 to 2013, the atmospheric environment quality in Beijing was poor, and the daily average concentration of PM2.5 of days exceeded 0.500 mg/m3. In view of this, to understand the concentration level and the correlation of PM2.5 concentration in indoor and outdoor environment in the houses, the mass concentration of PM2.5 over time in the indoor and outdoor air in the four residences A, B, C and D were simultaneously measured from April to May 2014, and their concentration levels and the impact of indoor PM2.5 factors were analyzed. The results showed that: (1)During the test period, the average concentration of PM2.5 in the indoor and outdoor air in the residences B, C and D all exceeded 0.075 mg/m3. Their average concentrations of outdoor PM2.5 were 0.143 mg/m3, 0.122 mg/m3 and 0.124 mg/m3, respectively, and the average concentrations of indoor PM2.5 were 0.129 mg/m3, 0.089 mg/m3 and 0.104mg/m3, respectively. (2)When there was no obvious indoor pollution source or the intensity of the pollution source was relatively low, the higher outdoor concentration of PM2.5 had a dominant influence on the indoor PM2.5 concentration level. (3)Smoking and cooking had a great influence on indoor PM2.5 concentration. The windows opening and closing time and the outdoor concentration level of PM2.5 affected the decay time of indoor PM2.5 concentration. (4)The average outdoor PM2.5 concentrations of A and B tested in Chaoyang District of Beijing in 2014 and residential Z1 tested in the same period of 2015 were 0.037mg/m3, 0143mg/m3 and 0.028mg/m3, respectively. The Municipal Air Pollution Prevention and Control Regulations had improved the outdoor air quality in Beijing in 2015.