储层裂缝表征及预测研究进展

 全面、准确对致密储层的裂缝网络进行定量表征及预测影响着裂缝性油气田的高效开发。在系统调研国内外裂缝研究成果且详细对比分析的基础上,从地质分析、测井识别、构造曲率法及应力场模拟、地震裂缝检测、非线性理论方法等着手,总结出了储层裂缝表征及预测研究的进展。研究表明,根据成因将储层裂缝划分为构造裂缝和非构造裂缝两大类,构造缝包括区域性裂缝、局部构造缝和复合型构造缝,局部构造缝指与断层和褶皱相关的裂缝;非构造缝主要分为收缩缝和与表面有关的裂缝两大类及9个亚类,裂缝类型不同,其特征及成因机理也不同。采用地质分析与测井解释相结合,建立露头、岩心与测井的识别模式对裂缝进行准确识别。利用地质、测井和构造应力等资料,建立数学模型,对裂缝参数进行定量计算。详细阐述并分析了多种裂缝预测方法的优缺点,最终指明了储层裂缝研究的不足与发展方向。

Progress in Fracture Characterization and Prediction

It is very important for exploration and development of oil and gas to comprehensively and accurately and quantitatively describe and predict fracture. Base on the basis of the literature investigation of fractures research findings around the world, from geological analysis, log fracture identification, curvature method, tectonic stress simulation, seismic fracture prediction and so on, the progress of fracture characterization and prediction are summarized. It is shown that the reservoir fractures can be classified into two types, including structural and non-structural fracture according to their origin. The structural fracture includes regional fracture, local fracture and complex structural fracture, in which the local structural fracture is related to fracture of fault and fold. The non-structural fracture can be classified into contraction fracture and related fracture of surface, which have 12 sub-types. Every type of fractures has different characteristics and origin. The main identification of fracture is combination of geological analysis and log interpretation, and then pattern recognition of outcrop, core and well logging will be established. Also quantitative calculation method for fracture is proposed using geological, logging and tectonic stress data. With the aid of those bases, the advantage and disadvantage of methods for detection and prediction of the fracture distribution are discussed. Finally the shortcoming and development of fracture research are pointed out.