工程风险治理的预防原则:困境与消解

在工程风险治理中,预防原则要求:积极预防,工程开发主体承担举证责任。它存在逻辑困惑以及与成本—效益分析冲突等理论困境,也存在可能鼓励无知、可能限制创新以及难以操作等实践困境。要消解这些困境,需要明确预防原则的根本目的和适用范围。预防原则要求对公众的健康和安全的考量优先于对经济利益和其他权利的追求,它适用于那些概率不能确定的灾难性的、不可逆转的工程风险。

Precautionary Principle in the Governance of Engineering Risk:Predicaments and Solutions

Precautionary principle in the governance of engineering risk demands: take positive precautions and the subjects of engineering are charged with onus probandi.There are theoretical and practical predicaments in the precautionary principle.The theoretical predicaments lie in its self-contradictory and conflicts with cost-benefit analysis.The practical predicaments consist in: it maybe encourage nonknowledge and restrict innovation and it is difficult to act.In order to solve the predicaments,we should define the basic aim and the limits of precautionary principle.It demands that considering people’s health and safety be superior to pursuing economic interests and other rights.It should be applied to those catastrophic and irreversible engineering risks whose probabilities are uncertain.