白肋烟雄性不育性的细胞形态学研究

作者以白肋烟雄性不育系及其保持系为材料，从细胞形态学角度对雄性不育性作了较系统的研究，得出如下结果和结论：1．白肋烟雄性不良系雄性器官显著异常，表现为：（1）雄蕊原基根本不发生或发生后随着花器的发育完全退化消失，结果表现为完全无雄蕊，（2）有雄蕊原基发生，能形成雄蕊类似物，但都表现出显著畸变退化，形式多样，呈细丝状，短棒状，瓣状，类柱头状等，数目少于5个，并且极短于柱头，2．确定了不育系败育的时期和方式：不能形成正常的小孢子发生组织，根本无减数分裂过程发生，败育时期在小孢子母细胞形成期前后，为完全的结构性雄性不育类型；3．雄蕊的维管束显著异常，表现为雄蕊中完全不存在维管束结构，或者即使有维管束，但结构分化极为不良，雄蕊中严重缺乏淀粉粒等物质，是雄蕊退化和小孢子发生出现障碍的直接原因。

CYTOMORPHOLOGICAL STUDY OF MALE STERILITY IN BURLEY TOBACCO(NICOTIANA TOBACUM )

The male sterility resource of burley tobacco(Nicotina tabacum) was obtained from the male sterile offsprings of the distant hybridization in tobacco between “zhongyan 86”(flue-cured tobacco) and KY9(burley tobacco). The system studies on cytomorphology of male sterility in hurley tobacco were done. The results and conclusions are as the following: 1. In male sterile line of hurley tobacco, the male sexual organ was obviously abnormal: 1. stamens was completely absent in some flowers, resulted from stamen primordium deforming, or having formed stamen primordium, but thoroughly regressing during flower development; 2. stamens existed, but seriously distorted. They looked likefine thread, short stick, petal or stigma-like stucture, and were often much shorter than stigma. 2. Compared with cytomorphological study on anther development and microsporogensis in maintenance line, the stage and type of male abortion were identified in male sterile line. Since their anthers were either rudimentary and lacked microsporogensis issue or were absent, the male abortion happened at the stage of microspore mother cell forming, so the abortion type was completely structural male sterility. 3. The vascular bundle in stamen was clearly abnormal: some stamens had no structure of vascular bundle at all, in other cases, vascular bundle in stamens were very regressive. There was little nutrition substance such as starch grains in aberrant stamens, suggesting that the abnormality of vascular bundle was the direct reason of stamen regression and failure of microsporogensis.