共情：心理咨询的基本技术

共情有认知和情感两个层面,高级共情是分析师潜意识层面即时体验到的反移情。共情是深入来访者内心世界的一个连续不断的过程,需要经过积极倾听、设身处地、敏锐思考、准确回应和引发领悟等阶段。不合格的咨询师往往是缺乏共情的人,其原因是多方面的。咨询师要达到准确共情,需要有共情的意识与态度、对来访者的终极价值认同、掌握共情的技巧、跟随与引导并进、理解自己的反移情。

Empathy： a basic skill in counseling

Empathy includes cognition and emotion. Advanced empathy is the counter - transference that analysts experience in subconscious state. Empathy is a continuous process to enter into the heart of the visitor. It has 5 stages which include active listening, thinking in visitors＇ position, acuteness in thinking, accurate responses and initiative comprehension. Unqualified counselors always lack empathy and the reason for it is all-sided. To reach the exact empathy needs consciousness and attitude of empathy, the ultimate value identification of the visitor, grasping the skill of empathy, following and guiding together and comprehending self counter - transference.