省域尺度水足迹估算方式探讨——以山东省水资源足迹为例

水足迹是水资源短缺问题和安全问题的一个新概念，由于其考虑了经济消费中虚拟水的消费量，从而较为深刻的揭示了社会经济系统对水资源的真实消费情况，为水资源科学管理提供了一个新视角．本文引用水足迹的概念以及计算方法，对山东省2006年的水足迹及其相关指标进行了分析，结果表明，山东省总体水足迹为408．75亿m^3，人均水足迹439．09m^3·人^-1·a^-1，大大高于所统计的水资源的利用量．山东省今后水资源将面临着更大的挑战，针对这种情况分析并提出了降低水足迹以缓解水资源压力的儿条途径，探讨了水足迹今后的研究方向及重点．

PRIMARY ESTIMATION OF WATER FOOTPRINT OF SHANDONG PROVINCE IN 2006

The water footprint is an instrument to achieve water security and efficient water use and it illustrates the interactions in the coupled human - environment system. Because of considering virtual water volume of consumption of social economic system, the footprint portrayed the mankind＇ s true possession and consumptionsituation of water resource, and offered a brand - new visual angle for scientific management of water resource. The concept of water footprint and its calculation are put forward. Then the water footprint of Shandong Provinces in 2006 is computed. According to the assessment, citizens in Shandong province have consumed 408.75 × 10^8 m^3 of water resource in total in 2006 , and average amount for each person is 439.09 m^3·a^-1·a^-1. The actual consumption amount of water resource is approximately 1.89 times of the amount of statistical consumed volume. As proved by the results, Shandong Province is facing pressure of lacking water resource. The structures of water footprint in Shandong Provinces are also analyzed and several ways for reducing the water footprint are proposed in order to alleviate the water resource pressure. The future study direction of water footprint has been discussed.