Platelets and viruses: an ambivalent relationship |
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Authors: | Claire Flaujac Siham Boukour Elisabeth Cramer-Bordé |
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Institution: | 1. Service d’Hématologie et d’Immunologie, H?pital Ambroise Paré, Boulogne-Billancourt, 92100, Paris, France 2. Faculté de Médecine Paris-Ile de France- Ouest, Université de Versailles, Versailles, France 3. INSERM U567, Département d’hématologie, Institut Cochin, Paris, France
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Abstract: | Thrombocytopenia is a frequent complication of viral infections providing evidence that interaction of platelets with viruses
is an important pathophysiological phenomenon. Multiple mechanisms are involved depending on the nature of the viruses involved.
These include immunological platelet destruction, inappropriate platelet activation and consumption, and impaired megakaryopoiesis.
Viruses bind platelets through specific receptors and identified ligands, which lead to mutual alterations of both the platelet
host and the viral aggressor. We have shown that HIV-1 viruses are internalized specifically in platelets and megakaryocytes,
where they can be either sheltered, unaltered (with potential transfer of the viruses into target organs), or come in contact
with platelet secretory products leading to virus destruction and facilitated platelet clearance. In this issue, we have reviewed
the various pathways that platelets use in order to interact with viruses, HIV and others. This review also shows that more
work is still needed to precisely identify platelet roles in viral infections, and to answer the challenge of viral safety
in platelet transfusion. |
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