凉山油橄榄主栽品种叶中营养物质和酚类含量的季节性变化

【目的】油橄榄叶是油橄榄产业发展过程中产生的农林废弃物,研究不同品种及叶龄油橄榄叶中主要营养物质和酚类含量在不同季节的变化,为油橄榄叶在药品、保健品和功能性食品等方面的高值化应用提供理论依据和技术支撑。【方法】以四川凉山6个油橄榄主栽品种的老叶和嫩叶为研究对象,检测其游离氨基酸(FAAC)、可溶性糖(SSC)和可溶性蛋白(SPC)等营养物质含量差异,并通过高效液相色谱法(HPLC)分析7种主要酚类成分(橄榄苦苷、芦丁、木犀草素-4'-O-葡萄糖苷、芹菜素-7-O-葡萄糖苷、木犀草素、槲皮素和芹菜素)含量的季节变化。【结果】凉山地区油橄榄老叶和嫩叶中主要营养物质和酚类成分呈季节性不均匀分布状态,7种酚类成分在夏秋季节波动幅度大,FAAC、SSC、SPC含量在2—3月和5—6月相对较高;6个品种中,‘鄂植’与‘卡林’叶中营养物质和酚类成分比其他品种丰富,且嫩叶中其含量水平比老叶的高。【结论】油橄榄叶中营养物质丰富和酚类成分稳定的最佳季节为春季,‘鄂植’和‘卡林’嫩叶可作为潜在的高值化应用品种材料来源加以开发和利用。

Seasonal variations of the nutrients and phenols from olive leaves in main cultivation varieties at Liangshan,Sichuan Province

【Objective】 Olive (Olea europaea) leaves are an agricultural and forestry waste in the olive farming industry. This study aimed to determine their main nutrients and phenolic components, and analyze the content changes between the old and young leaves among olive varieties from January to December. The results can lay a foundation and provide technical support for the high-value application of olive leaves in medicines, health products, and functional foods, etc. 【Method】 Among the six main olive cultivars harvested in Liangshan, Sichuan Province, China, differences in the concentration of free amino acids (FAAC), soluble sugars (SSC), and soluble proteins (SPC) between the old and young leaves were investigated, and level changes in seven main phenolic compounds (oleuropein, rutin, luteolin-4'-O-glucoside, apigenin-7-O-glucoside, luteolin, quercetin and apigenin) from January to December were evaluated using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). 【Result】 The nutrients and phenols of the old and young leaves among the six olive cultivars were unevenly distributed during the year. The phenolic compounds fluctuated greatly in summer and autumn. FAAC, SSC and SPC exhibited relatively high levels approximately at 2-3 and 5-6 months. Compared with the other varieties, the leaves of ‘Ezhi’ and ‘Kalinjot’ cultivars had of nutrients and phenolic components, with the young leaves possessing higher concentration than the old leaves. 【Conclusion】 The most suitable season to obtain nutrients and phenols from the olive leaves was spring, especially in March, and the best choice was the young leaves of ‘Ezhi’ and ‘Kalinjot’, which could be exploited and utilized reasonably as a potential source.