遮光对贵州原产两种金花茶生长发育和生理特性的影响

【目的】探讨遮光对贵州金花茶和离蕊金花茶扦插苗生长、发育和生理指标的影响,为其栽培、人工授粉和自然更新提供理论支持。【方法】以两种金花茶3年生扦插苗为试验材料,搭建遮阳网,设置全光照(CK)、30%遮光率、60%遮光率和90%遮光率的4种处理。处理12个月后,测定苗高、地径、冠幅、花蕾数、开花数、有机物积累、叶绿素和丙二醛(MDA)含量。【结果】贵州金花茶苗高、冠幅、抽梢数和叶片数在60%遮光处理下最高,可溶性糖和MDA含量在CK中最高;离蕊金花茶苗高和抽梢数在60%遮光处理下最高,地径、叶片数、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白和MDA含量在30%遮光处理中最高;两种金花茶在90%遮光下叶绿素a、叶绿素b和类胡萝卜素含量较高;同一遮光处理下,离蕊金花茶可溶性蛋白含量是贵州金花茶的3.3~6.2倍。观察发现,贵州金花茶的花期为1—3月,而离蕊金花茶的花期为10—12月;贵州金花茶盛花期为3月,而离蕊金花茶盛花期为11月。以隶属函数法分析认为,两种金花茶在不同遮光处理下各指标得分的综合排名均在60%遮光中最高,CK中最低。【结论】遮光处理会影响金花茶的生长、花芽分化和生理特性,贵州金花茶扦插苗在30%~60%遮光范围、离蕊金花茶在60%~90%遮光范围生长和发育更好。

Effects of shading on growth,development and physiology of two golden camellia species origined in Guizhou Province

【Objective】To provide theoretical support for the cultivation, artificial pollination and natural regeneration in Camellia huana and C. liberofilamenta, the effects of shading on the growth, flowering habits and physiological indices of its cuttings seedlings were studied.【Method】Three-year-old cuttings were used as experimental material. Four shading treatments were set up with shading net, including 0% (CK), 30%, 60% and 90% shading. After 12 months, the seedling height, ground diameter, crown width, flower bud numbers, bud numbers, organic matter accumulation, chlorophyll and malondialdehyde (MDA) contents were measured.【Result】The seedling height, crown width, shoot numbers and leaf numbers were the highest under 60% shading, and the soluble sugar and MDA contents were the highest in CK for C. huana while the seedling height and shoot numbers were the highest in 60% shading for C. liberofilamenta. The ground diameter, leaf numbers, soluble sugar, soluble protein and MDA contents were the highest with 30% shading. The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids for two kinds of Camellia were higher under 90% shading. Under the same shading treatment, the soluble protein content of C. liberofilamenta was 3.3-6.2 times higher than that of C. huana. The blossom periods for C. huana and C. liberofilamenta were from January to March and from October to December respectively, and the full-blossom period was in November. Membership function analysis showed that the comprehensive ranking of each index score for two Camellia varieties under different shading treatments was the highest under 60% shading, the lowest in CK.【Conclusion】Shading treatment affected the growth, flower bud differentiation and physiological characteristics of two Camellia varieties. The 30%-60% shading treatments in C. huana and 60%-90% shading treatments in C. libtrofilamenta were more conducive to growth and development.