农田野燕麦防除研究

本文对野燕麦在新疆兵团垦区内的分布与危害情况,及其生物学特性进行了系统的调查与观察,证明野燕麦对小麦和油菜等作物的产量有严重的影响,轻者减产20～30％,重者达60％以上,最严重的甚至“放荒收草”或翻耕改种其它作物。在防除方法研究中,提出了“以农业措施为基础,化学防除为主体”的综合防除措施,是控制和消灭野燕麦的有效方法。化学除草剂中肯定了作为土壤处理剂的燕麦畏,在小麦田中亩用药量200～250克,防效达78～95％,在油菜田中亩用药量180～220克,防效达70.7～95.6％。作为叶面处理剂的禾草灵、野燕枯和新燕灵,在小麦田中亩用药量分别为150毫升、104毫升、250～350毫升,防效分别达到83.4～98％,70～98.3％,70.8～91.8％;在油菜田中使用拿捕净,稳杀得和禾草克时,亩用药量分别为100～133克,80～100克,56～70克,防效分别达到77.7～97.6％,91～97.9%,98.2～99.8％。而且经济效益显著,亩净收入一般为6.24～31.42元,个别可达100元以上。

Study on wild oat Control in farm land

Wild qat Severely affects wheat and oilseed raPe Production in Xinjiang The yield loss due to wild oat ranges from 20-30%, 60%, to 100% for light, middle and heavy levels, resPect ively. In studies of biological character and of controlling methods in both greenhouse and field during 1984-1986, some very efficient methods for controlling wild oat have been obtained. These are as followings: 1. Triallate applied and incroporated into soil at the applicnation rates of 200-250g/mu in wheat field gave 78-95% of control, and at the rate of 180-220g/mu in oilseed rape, Produced 70.7-95.6% of control. 2. Postemergence treatment with dlclofoP-methyl (150ml/mu) , benzoylprop-ethyl(250-350ml/mu)and difenzoquat(104g/mu)with an addition of 0.5% supplement agent) in wheat field gave 83.4-98%, 70.8-91.8 % and 70-98.3 of control, respectivley. 3. Postemergence treatment with sethoxydim, fluazifoP-butyl and quizalofoP-ethyl at application rates of 100-133g, 80-100g and 50-70g (with an additon of 0.5% supplement agent) in oilseed rape gave 77.7-97.6%, 91-97.9% and 98.2-99.8% of control, respectively. 4. Triallate, sethoxydim and fluazifop-butyl can also be used in pea, Onoin and watermelon fields. Although diclofop-methyl and difenzoquat may be used in oilseed rape field, these chemicals are not recommended for the control of wild oat in oilseed rape field since crop damage may be easily caused.