生物肥和菌肥对蓝莓苗生长及土壤养分的影响

【目的】研究生物肥和菌肥对蓝莓(Vaccinium spp.)苗木生长影响与土壤养分的变化规律,找出蓝莓苗木培育过程中适宜的肥料类型,为蓝莓的科学施肥提供理论依据。【方法】以2年生蓝莓 ‘布里吉塔’ 为试材,于生长季(6—11月)以不施肥(CK)为对照,比较酵素菌肥(T1)、EM菌堆肥 (T2)、木霉菌制剂 (T3)和枯草芽孢杆菌制剂 (T4)、阿维菌素有机肥 (T5) 这5种肥料处理对蓝莓苗木生长的影响及土壤养分含量差异。【结果】除T5处理基生枝条数量和T2 与T4处理叶片可溶性糖含量低于CK外,5种生物有机肥或微生物菌肥均能有效提高蓝莓基生枝条长度、粗度、百叶干质量、叶面积、基生枝条数量和冠幅,同时有利于叶片氮、磷、钾、可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白、总酚和叶绿素含量的积累;土壤中全氮、全磷、铵态氮、速效钾及pH均明显低于CK,硝态氮则略低于CK,而全钾、有效磷、有机质和土壤电导率(EC)值均高于CK。T3处理在促进基生枝条长度、百叶干质量、叶面积、基生枝条数量、冠幅、叶片氮和磷、可溶性糖、总酚及叶绿素含量等生理方面和增加土壤有机质、有效磷、全钾、EC值及降低土壤pH等土壤养分方面均优于其他处理。【结论】主成分分析发现不同生物肥和菌肥对蓝莓苗木生长及养分吸收影响效果依次为T3 > T2 > T1 > T4 > T5 > CK。说明5种施肥处理均能改善土壤环境并促进蓝莓苗木生长,其中木霉菌制剂效果最佳。

Effects of bio-organic and microbial fertilizers on growth and soil nutrients of Vaccinium spp. seedlings

【Objective】This study aimed to investigate the effects of different bio-organic and microbial fertilizers on growth and soil nutrients of blueberry seedlings and screen out a suitable bio-organic fertilizer or microbial fertilizer for the growth and development of blueberry to provide a scientific basis for fertilizers and soil improvement in blueberry culture. 【Method】Considering two-year-old seedlings of blueberry variety ‘Brigita’ as test materials, we compared the effects of ferment residue (T1), EM compost (T2), Trichoderma spp. preparation (T3), Bacillus subtilis preparation (T4), and Avermectin organic fertilizer (T5) on the growth and different soil nutrients of blueberry from June to August during their growth period; there was no fertilization in the control treatment (CK). 【Result】The length and diameter growth of blueberry basal branches, dry weight of 100 leaves, leaf areas, number of basal branches, and crown width were improved remarkably under all the fertilization treatments. The content of N, P, K, soluble sugar, soluble protein, phenols, and chlorophyll in leaves also increased, barring the number of basal branches of T5 and soluble sugar content of T2 and T4 in leaves. The total N, total P, ammonium nitrogen, available K, and pH under the fertilizer treatment were lower than those under CK in the soil. However, the total K, available P, organic matters, and electrical conductivity (EC) values were higher than those under CK. The effects of Trichoderma preparation (T3) on length of blueberry basal branches, dry weight of 100 leaves, leaf areas, number of blueberry basal branches, crown width, leaf N content, leaf P content, soluble sugar content, phenol content, chlorophyll content of leaves, available K, organic matter in soil, and EC and pH of soil were the most evident. 【Conclusion】Altogether, the order of effects of different bio-organic and microbial fertilizers on the growth and soil nutrients of blueberry are as follows: T3 > T2 > T1 > T4 > T5> CK. These results also indicate that Trichoderma preparation can be used as an ideal fertilization to promote the growth of blueberry.