从负折射超材料到光学隐身衣

1964年俄罗斯科学家V.Vesalago从Maxwell方程组出发断言具有负折射率的左手材料(LHM)可以存在,1996年和1999年J.Pendry提出了LHM的初始设计。2000年D.Smith制成首个LHM,它可把微波波束弯折到与常规的不同方向。近年来LHM吸引了人们的兴趣,它也称为超材料,但在自然界并不存在。它可变更电磁波传播,从而造成负折射甚至隐形。一个时期以来,在微波和光频进行的隐身斗篷实验是2D或3D的,它们与通常的隐形方法显著不同。LHM的其他应用如左手传输线、成像技术等。本文首先对负折射研究和隐身衣设计的历史和进展作回顾,进而讨论了这些领域中理论与实验工作的意义。可以看出负折射问题是非常复杂的。还讨论了负折射与负波速、负折射与负GH位移的关系。

From the Research of Negative Refraction Metamaterials to the Study of Optical Invisibility Cloaks

In 1964,Russian physicist V .Vesalago adapts Maxwell ’ s equations to show that it is possible for left-handed materials （ LHM） with a negative refraction index to exist .In 1996 and 1999,J.Pendry begins to design the LHM.In 2000,D.Smith creates the first LHM,it bend microwaves in opposite direc-tion to normal .Negative refraction in LHM has recently attracted much interest .It is also called meta-ma-terial,and that do not exist in nature .It can alter the propagation of electro -magnetic waves,resulting in negative refraction of electro -magnetic waves ,resulting in negative refraction and invisible cloaking .So far,invisibility cloaking experiments at microwaves and optical frequencies have been performed in 2D and 3 D situation .They are a notable breakthrough over the concept of the conventional stealth technology . The other applications of LHM are the left -handed transmission line ,imaging,etc. In this paper ,a brief review on the history and the research advances of the negative refraction study and the invisibility cloak design was given firstly .And then ,we discuss the meaning of theoretical and ex-perimental works in these areaes .We say that the situation with negative refraction in practice is extraordi-narily complicated .And we discuss the relations between the negative refraction index and the negative wave velocity ,the negative refraction index and the negative Goos -H？nchen shift .