试论社会保障公共支出额度的正义范围

社会保障的资金来源可以有多种渠道,但国家财政支出无疑是其中的一个最重要的渠道。社会保障支出既然属于公共支出和转移支付,也就涉及许多方面的利益关系。于是,社会保障中的公共支出额度,也就有了一个正义的范围———不及或者太过都是不正义的。公共支出额度问题涉及多组价值之间的冲突,其中最主要的是平等和自由、公平和效率。对于这些价值,不能简单地取舍,唯有分层次地兼顾才符合正义的要求。而归根结底,社会保障公共支出水平主要应该由经济发展水平来决定。

On Range of Justice of the Quota of Public Expenditure in Social Security

There are many kinds of sources of social security funds,and the state financial expenditure undoubtedly is the most important one.Since social security expenditure is a kind of public expenditure and transfer payment,it naturally relates to many interests.Thus there should be a range of justice about the quota of public expenditure of social security,either too much or too less is unjust.This problem involves conflicts of many groups of value,among which the most important are equality and freedom,fairness and efficiency.We couldnt make choices at random of these values,and the best way is to consider the requirements of all different levels of balance.In the final analysis,the level of public expenditure of social security is determined by the level of economic development.