溶胶-凝胶技术制备纳米材料的研究进展

溶胶－凝胶技术是制备纳米材料的特殊工艺,工艺简单,易于操作。笔对溶胶－凝胶技术的基本过程、工艺特点进行了分析,从溶胶－凝胶技术在薄膜方面的应用、膜板合成纳米阵列,以及制备纳米复合材料等方面,对溶胶－凝胶技术制备纳米材料的研究状况进行了详尽阐述。

Progress of Nanostructured Materials Prepared by the Sol-gel Method

Sol gel processing has been known for a long time.However this processing technique has known a very important development during the last two decades.The basic idea is to progressively create an oxide network by polymerization reactions of chemical precursors dissolved in a liquid medium. Sol gel processing is the special technique in preparing nanostructured materials which can be easily controlled.Thin film is the domain where sol gel processing is the most used,because drying stresses can be easily overcome.A method termed template synthesis entails synthesizing the desired nanostructured materials within the pores of a nanoporous membrane.Various porous template are employed and nanostructures are synthesized within the pores.Depending on the material and the chemistry of the pore well,a nanofibril or a nanotubule may be obtained. In this paper,the sol gel processing and its characteristics have been reviewed.An elucidation has been made on development of nanostructured materials prepared by sol gel method.