近代中国后发高校的模仿理念及其形态变化

后发高校的模仿理念发生了三次批判性发展,由大学萌芽时洋务学堂的"中体西用"办学指导理念转变为维新变法时京师大学堂的"洋为中用,古为今用",在国立大学时期形成了"超轶政治之教育"办学理念。不管如何变化,始终以国家、民族复兴的价值诉求为核心指导理念。以此为依据,近代后发高校也呈多样化形态的模仿,最初是照搬模仿,然后是自主探索模仿,同时也存在教会大学独特办学模仿形态,通过后发模仿过程逐步完成了由国家主导的模仿向高校的自主模仿的转变。

On the Imitation Ideology and Formation Changes of Lately-founded Universities in Contemporary China

There were mainly three changes in the imitation ideology of lately-founded universities.The change from the ideology of ＂westernized Chinese style＂ in the earliest modern government schools to that of ＂absorbing western technology to the usage of China and absorbing the traditional technology to the usage of modern China＂ in Beijing Normal School during the Hundred Days’ Reform period,and to that of ＂education above politics＂.No matter how the ideology changed,the value pursuit of nation and people’s rejuvenation has always been regarded as the core guiding idea.On this basis,lately-founded universities did the imitation on various shapes.At the very beginning it was indiscriminating initiation,then it was imitation on self-exploration basis and the existence of unique imitation formation of church colleges,later through the development process it realized the changes from government-oriented imitation to college-oriented independent imitation.