《儿女英雄传》中“否定词+VP(之前)”的语用分析

"未VP"结构包括"未VP"、"没VP"、"未曾VP"、"不曾VP"等4种表达时间意义的句式。4种句式在《儿女英雄传》中出现的频率各不相同。由"未VP"、"没VP"发展到"未曾VP"、"不曾VP",这是"未VP"结构历史发展的一种选择。4种句式在作品中的用例呈递增趋势。"未VP"句式形成的时代早于"不曾VP"。时代越早,"未VP……先……"的用例越多,而"未VP……早……"的用例则越少。叠合结构"没有VP之前"在《儿女英雄传》中包括5种形式:未VP之前、未VP以前、不曾VP之前、不曾VP以前、没VP以前。叠合结构无论是在形式上还是在数量上都比"未VP时"、"VP时"或"VP之前"等时间格式突出。这与《儿女英雄传》大量使用"未VP"结构表达时间概念的语言习惯有关。表达时间概念的"未VP"结构孕育了叠合结构。

The Pragmatic Analysis of ＂Negator＋VP（F）＂ in the Tale of Heroic Sons and Daughters

The structure of ＂P VP＂ includes four sentence patterns that express time meaning—＂P VP＂,＂0 VP＂,＂N VP＂,and ＂B VP＂.The appearance frequency of these four sentence patterns in The Tale of Heroic Sons and Daughters differs.From the development of ＂P VP＂,＂0 VP＂ to ＂N VP＂,＂B VP＂,it is the choice of the historical development of the ＂Wei VP＂ structure.The use cases of the four sentence patterns in the works present the increasing tendency.The forming times of the ＂0 VP＂ structure precedes the ＂B VP＂.In earlier times,the use cases of ＂0 VP…Xian…＂ are much more than that of ＂0 V＂.The superposition structure ＂0 VP ＂ in ＂The Tale of Heroic Sons and Daughters＂ includes five forms： 0 VP F,0 VP Y P,N VP F,B VP F,Mei VP F.No matter in forms or quantity,superposition structure is more prominent than the time format such as ＂0 VP ＂,＂VP ＂,or ＂VP F＂.It relates to the language usage that The Tale of Heroic Sons and Daughters largely uses the ＂0 VP＂ structure to express time concept.The ＂0 VP＂ structure that expresses time concept breeds the superposition structure.