城乡教育差距与扶贫挑战

我国要实现"四化同步"新战略,农民增收是关键。已有研究表明,非农就业是农民增收的重要途径,而教育对于农村劳动力的非农就业起着至关重要的作用。新时期厘清农村劳动力的受教育状况及其与就业的关系,不仅是当前实现可持续脱贫的需要,更是长远制定人力资本提升战略,实现经济社会可持续发展的必然要求。本文利用课题组收集的中国农村社会经济调查和农村中学学生基本情况调查的信息,围绕农村劳动力的受教育水平、就业现状以及农村未来劳动力人力资本提升面临的挑战进行了研究。结果表明,提升劳动力的受教育水平,农村地区是短板,贫困农村地区是短板中的短板。受教育水平越低,不就业的比例高,参与非农就业的比例越低,越容易陷入贫穷。因此受教育水平低的人成为扶贫关注的重点。此外,农村地区人力资本提升面临着诸多挑战,有效克服这些挑战方能打破贫困的代际传递。

China's Urban-Rural Education Gap and the Challenges to Poverty Alleviation

Quality human capital is necessary to Chinese economy transitions. It is not only the need of sustainable poverty alleviation to analysis on the education status of rural labor force and its relationship with employment, but also helpful for setting up policies of improving human capital and realizing economic sustainable development, since most of labors in China are from rural areas. This paper analyzed the education and employment status of rural labor force and the challenge for the future labor pool using the data of China rural social- economic survey and rural middle school basic situation survey collected by authors. The results showed that the rural labor force was low educated, especially in poor rural areas. Individuals with low levels of education were less likely to work or participate in off-farm employment and more likely to fall into poverty. In addition, the reserve of human capital was not promising in rural areas because of prevalent dropout and poor quality of teaching.