尼泊尔8.1级地震加德满都—樟木沿线民居震害调查与分析

为了分析尼泊尔地震中山区公路沿线自建民居的震害,在对加德满都-樟木口岸公路沿线民居震害调查的基础上,详细介绍了框架结构和砌体结构自建民居的特点,按照地震直接灾害和次生灾害,总结了这2种自建民居结构的震害特征,给出了其地震破坏比例.框架结构基本完好的比例是砌体结构的3倍多,而中等破坏、严重破坏和毁坏的比例约为砌体结构的1/2.根据震害调查和统计分析,得到以下结论:自建框架结构虽未经过正规设计,不满足尼泊尔建筑规范的相关要求,施工质量也比较欠缺,但破坏程度小于自建砌体结构;随公路海拔的升高,沿线民居的震害程度有加重的趋势;山区地震导致的次生灾害对沿线民居建筑的破坏比较严重.

Investigation and Analysis on Seismic Damage of Residential Buildings along the Highway from Kathmandu to Zhangmu in Ms 8.1 Gorkha Earthquake

In order to analyze the seismic damages of the owner-built dwellings along mountainous highway in Nepal earthquake sequence, field investigation was performed along the highway from Kathmandu to Zhangmu port. Firstly, the structural characteristics of reinforced concrete (RC) frames and masonry structures in Nepal were described. Then, the characteristics of the seismic damages of the two types of residential structures were summarized, and the damage ratios of the structures were provided according to the direct disasters and secondary disasters. The proportion of basic intact of RC frame structures is over three times that of masonry structures, but the proportion of moderate and serious damages and destruction of RC frame structures is about a half of that of masonry structures. Based on the damage investigation and statistical analysis, it is concluded that many owner-built RC frame structures are not properly designed as the requirements of the building codes of Nepal, and their construction quality is poor, but the damage degree of the RC frame structures is much less than that of the masonry structures. Moreover, as the elevation increases along the highway, the seismic damage of the dwellings has a tendency of increase. Finally, secondary disasters resulted from the earthquake aggravated the seismic damage of dwellings.