中国养分资源综合管理研究的意义与重点

养分作为动植物的生命元素,既是一种资源,也是环境污染因子,管理不善将带来严重的营养和资源环境问题。并结合近年来研究结果和文献资料,对我国养分资源利用的特点和国内外研究进展进行分析,提出我国养分资源综合管理研究的重点。分析结果表明,目前我国养分资源利用的特点是:大量依靠化肥投入、养分资源利用不合理、其他养分资源潜力巨大但有待挖掘、经济发展和建设小康社会将会加剧养分流动与向环境的释放等;国际方面,在建立养分管理研究网络的基础上,加强了农田养分资源综合管理理论和技术研究,并且在区域和流域层次上已经扩展到整个食物链,同时十分重视相关政策和法规研究。因此,建议我国养分资源综合管理研究要突破传统的农田范畴,以食物生产和消费及其环境系统为对象,以养分资源流动和调控为重点,从农田和区域的不同层次开展研究工作。

Significance and Keystone of Research of Integrated Nutrient Resource Management in China

Nutrients, such as N and P, are not only the essential element of plants and animals, but also the resource and factor of environmental pollution. Irrational nutrient management would lead to the nutrition disorder and environmental problems. Based on the research results of our group and literatures, the properties of nutrient utilization in China and the progress of nutrient management research were analyzed and the keystone of future research in China was suggested. In China, the crop production is mainly depended on the input of fertilizer nutrients and the nutrient use efficiency is very low. The nutrients in organic material, soil and environment are not sufficiently utilized. The flux and emission to environment of nutrients in food chain will increase rapidly in future with the development of economy and society in China. In the international study of nutrient management, the research network was paid more attention to filed level, and the policy and legislation of nutrient management was strengthened at regional and national level. The keystone of nutrient management research in China will be the nutrient flow in field, regional and national scale and its regulation in food chain system.